Development of alternatives to synthetic antibiotics against important veterinary pathogens using native herbal plant of Bangladesh

Research Article

Development of alternatives to synthetic antibiotics against important veterinary pathogens using native herbal plant of Bangladesh

K. B. M. Saiful Islam, Kamrul Islam, Syeeda Shiraj-Um-Mahmuda, Sujan Kumar Sarkar

Corresponding Author : K. B. M. Saiful Islam

Department of Medicine & Public Health, Faculty of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University,
Dhaka-1207, Bangladesh

Email ID : vetkbm@yahoo.com

Received : 2020-06-06 Accepted : 2020-07-25 Published : 2020-07-25

Abstract : Antibiotic resistance has been recognized globally as one of the major health challenges for this modern era. Accordingly, the search for safe and effective antimicrobial agents has become a top priority for the biomedical field in recent years. Therefore, present study was undertaken to investigate the antimicrobial properties of herbal extract (guava) against bacterial pathogens of veterinary importance in in vitro conditions and thus to propose an alternative herbal candidate to synthetic antibiotics.Qualitative phytochemical analysis of guava leaves was performed to identify the bioactive chemical constituents like tannins, alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids, etc. Plant extracts were prepared using two readily available solvents namely aqua and ethanol. Guava leaves extracts were evaluated against both gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and gram-negative (Escherichia coli) bacteria of veterinary importance that commonly cause diseases in animals and birds. The efficacy of these extracts was tested against the study organisms through a well-diffusion method employing 50mg leaf-extract solution per well. Bacterial growth inhibitory characteristics of the extracts were also investigated by determining the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of the extracts in Nutrient broth. Guava leaves are found to contain different phytochemicals like tannins, phenols, flavonoids, terpenoids, glycosides and saponins which have known antibacterial activity. Antibacterial assay of both the aqueous and ethanol extracts of guava leaves showed inhibitory activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. The ethanol extract had better antibacterial activity than aqueous extracts with mean zones of inhibition of 11.8 ± 0.60 mm and 9.5 ± 0.95 mm against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, respectively. MIC values revealed that a very low concentration of 6.25 -12.5mg/ml of the extracts inhibit the growth of the tested isolates. The finding revealed that guava leave extract has great potential as an antimicrobial compound against pathogenic microorganisms of veterinary importance. Guava leaf-extract might be a good candidate in the search for a natural antimicrobial agent. This study provides scientific understanding to further determine the antimicrobial values and investigate other pharmacological properties of such valuable herbal plant.

Keywords : Guava leave extract, antimicrobial activity, pathogenic bacterial strains

Citation : K. B. M. Saiful Islam et al. (2020). Development of alternatives to synthetic antibiotics against important veterinary pathogens using native herbal plant of Bangladesh, J. of Advancement in Medical and Life Sciences. V8I1.03. DOI : 10.5281/zenodo.3960600

Copyright : © 2020 K. B. M. Saiful Islam. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

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Reviewer Comments : #1 Reviewer:
The topic is very interesting in Bangladesh as well as global prospective. The construction of manuscript is sequential. The authors followed scientific and logical methodologies. Findings are interesting and well discussed. References cited are rational. The paper is worth of publication.
Recommendation: Strongly recommended for publication.
Prof. Dr. Md. Fazlul Hoque
Designation: Chairman,
Affiliation: Department of Medicine, Surgery and Obstetrics
Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Bangladesh

#2 Reviewer:
Title was attractive and easily comprehensible. Research problems and objectives were rationally constructed. Scientific methodology was followed. Findings are interesting in terms of scientific value. It is a good piece of work to publish.
Recommendation: The paper is hereby highly recommended for publication.
Dr. Md. Ershaduzzaman
Designation: Principal Scientific Officer
Affiliation: Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute (BLRI), Bangladesh

#3 Reviewer:
Authors addressed an important area of concern for both human and animal medicine. Attempts made in this manuscript were scientific and logical. Findings will have important inputs in pharmaceuticals as well as medicinal fields of research. The manuscript could be published as a full research paper.
Recommendation: The manuscript is strongly recommended for publication.
Dr. Md Hafizur Rahman
Designation: Research Fellow
Affiliation: School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Australia.